The FBI’s Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3) received more than 69,000 complaints involving cryptocurrency fraud, representing a 45 percent increase in losses compared to the previous year, the Sept. 9 report said.

While these cryptocurrency-related complaints accounted for 10 percent of the total number of financial fraud complaints, they made up nearly half of all financial losses reported to the FBI.

“As the use of cryptocurrency in the global financial system continues to grow, so too does its use by criminal actors,” Michael Nordwall, assistant director for the FBI’s Criminal Investigative Division, said in the report.

According to the report, investment fraud was the most significant contributor to these losses, accounting for $3.96 billion, or 71 percent of all cryptocurrency-related losses.

The report cites investment fraud scammers who use social media platforms, dating apps, and networking sites to build trust with victims before convincing them to invest in fake cryptocurrency schemes.

These scams often involve showing victims fake profits to encourage further investments, but when the victims try to withdraw their funds, they are asked to pay additional fees or taxes, which they never recover.

Other forms of fraud, including tech support scams, government impersonation, and call center fraud, were also notable. Call center fraud represents approximately 10 percent of cryptocurrency-related losses.

An example of tech support scams is criminals impersonating customer support representatives and directing victims to pay for nonexistent services using cryptocurrency.

“The decentralized nature of cryptocurrency, the speed of irreversible transactions, and the ability to transfer value around the world make cryptocurrency an attractive vehicle for criminals while creating challenges to recover stolen funds,” Nordwall said. “Once an individual sends a payment, the recipient owns the cryptocurrency and often quickly transfers it into an account overseas for cash-out purposes.”

The rise in cryptocurrency scams has hit older Americans especially hard. While people over the age of 60 made up just 24 percent of the total complaints, they reported the highest financial losses, totaling $1.65 billion.

Younger generations were hit less hard, with those under 20 losing $14.7 million, followed by those in their 20s losing $168.5 million, those in their 30s losing $693.7 million, those in their 40s losing $843.8 million, and those in their 50s losing $901 million.

Some states were hit harder by scams than others. The top five states for cryptocurrency fraud losses were California ($1.15 billion), Texas ($411.9 million), Florida ($390.2 million), New York ($317.3 million), and New Jersey ($179.4 million).

The five least impacted were Vermont ($4.8 million), Maine ($5.9 million), North Dakota ($6.5 million), Wyoming ($7.3 million), and the District of Columbia ($8.3 million).

The report offers several tips for individuals to protect themselves from cryptocurrency scams. It emphasizes the importance of verifying the legitimacy of investment opportunities, especially when offered by people met online or through unsolicited contacts.

The FBI advises never to send cryptocurrency payments to individuals or companies without thoroughly researching them.

Additionally, people are urged to be cautious of companies claiming they can recover lost cryptocurrency, as many of these services charge up-front fees and may be fraudulent themselves.

The agency urges victims to file complaints with IC3, even if no financial loss occurred.

For further protection, victims should promptly report any suspicious activity to the IC3. The FBI emphasized the importance of timely and accurate reporting in helping law enforcement track and recover lost funds.

Webb is a successful former investment banker and hedge fund manager with experience at the highest levels of the financial system. He published The Great Taking a few months ago, and recently supplemented it with a video documentary. Thorough, concise, comprehensible and FREE. Why? Because he wants everyone to understand what’s being done.

The Great Taking describes the roadmap to collapse the system, suppress the people, and seize all your assets. And it includes the receipts.

You Already Own Nothing

Webb’s book illustrates, among other things, how changes in the Uniform Commercial Code converted asset ownership into a security entitlement. The “entitlement” designation made personal property a mere contractual claim. The “entitled” person is a “beneficial” owner, but not the legal one.

In the event a financial institution is insolvent, the legal owner is the “entity that controls the security with a security interest.” In essence, client assets belong to the banks. But it’s much worse than that. This isn’t simply a matter of losing your cash to a bank bail-in. The entire financial system has been wired for a controlled demolition.

Webb describes in detail how the trap was set, and how the Great Depression provides precedent. In 1933, FDR declared a “Bank Holiday.” By executive order, banks were closed. Later, only those approved by the Fed were allowed to reopen.

Thousands of banks were left to die. People with money in those disfavored institutions lost all of it, as well as anything they’d financed (houses, cars, businesses) that they now couldn’t pay for. Then, a few “chosen” banks consolidated all the assets in the system.

Centralization and Systemic Risk

As Webb shows, the  cake has been baked for years. But this week came a sign it’s coming out of the oven. Last Monday, Bloomberg admitted that measures taken to ostensibly “protect the system” actually amplify risk.

In the wake of the 2008 financial crisis, G20 ‘leaders’ mandated all standardized Over The Counter (OTC) derivatives be cleared through central counterparties (CCPs), ostensibly to reduce counter party risk and increase market transparency. The best known CCP in the US is the Depository Trust and Clearing Corporation (DTCC), which processes trillions of dollars of securities transactions each day.

Before 2012, OTC derivative trades were bi-lateral and counterparty risk was managed by parties to a transaction. When doing business directly with other firms, each had to make sure it was dealing with reliable parties. If they had a bad reputation or were not creditworthy, counterparties could consider them toxic and shut them out of trades. This, according to the wise G20 leadership, was too risky.

With the introduction of central clearing mandates, counterparty risk was shifted via CCPs away from the firms doing the deal to the system itself. Creditworthiness and reputation were replaced with collateral and complex models.

Brokers, banks, asset managers, hedge funds, corporations, insurance companies and other so-called “clearing parties” participate in the market by first posting collateral in the form of Initial Margin (IM) with the CCP. It’s through this IM and a separate and much smaller Default Fund (DF) held at the CCP that counterparty risk is managed.

To ‘Mutualise’ Losses

Shifting risk from individual parties to the collective is a recipe for trouble. But, as explained in a recent report from the BIS, it’s worse than that. The structure of CCPs themselves can cause “Margin Spirals” and “wrong-way risk” in the event of market turbulence.

In flight-to-safety episodes, CCPs hike margin requirements.  According to the BIS,

“Sudden and large IM hikes force deleveraging by derivative counterparties and can precipitate fire sales that lead to higher volatility and additional IM hikes in so-called margin spirals.”

We’ve already gotten a taste of what this can look like.  Similar margin spirals “occurred in early 2020 (Covid-19) and 2022 (invasion of Ukraine), reflecting the risk-sensitive nature of IM models.”

Government Bonds as a source of trouble

The second area of systemic risk is the dual use of government bonds as both collateral and as underlying assets in derivatives contracts. Volatility in the government bond market can lead to a demand for more collateral underlying the derivatives markets precisely when government bond prices are declining. Falling bond prices erode the value of the existing IM.  Collateral demands skyrocket just as the value of current and would-be collateral is evaporating.

Again, the BIS:

Wrong-way risk dynamics appeared to play a role during the 2010–11 Irish sovereign debt crisis. At that time, investors liquidated their positions in Irish government bonds after a CCP raised the haircuts on such bonds when used as collateral. This led to lower prices of Irish government bonds triggering further haircuts, further position closures and ultimately a downward price spiral.

Designed to fail

The BIS doesn’t admit it, but Webb says the CCPs themselves are deliberately under-capitalized and designed to fail. The start-up of a new CCP is planned and pre-funded. When that happens, it’ll be the “secured creditors” who will take control of ALL the underlying collateral.

Once more, the BIS:

…to mutualise potential default losses in excess of IM, CCPs also require their members to contribute to a default fund (DF). As a result, CCPs are in command of large pools of liquid assets.

That “large pool of liquid assets” is the full universe of traded securities.

In a market collapse, the stocks and bonds you think you own will be sucked into the default fund (DF) as additional collateral for the evaporating value of the derivatives complex. This is “The Great Taking”.

Buffett’s famous line rings true: “You only find out who is swimming naked when the tide goes out.”  Most of us are on the verge of learning that we’re the ones without any clothes.

If you haven’t read “The Great Taking” or watched the documentary, I recommend you pour yourself a stiff drink and watch it now:

Globally, central banks added a net 337 tons of gold in Q3, the second-highest third-quarter total on record behind 2022.

Through the first nine months of the year, central banks bought a net of 800 tons of gold. That’s 14% more than through the same period in 2022.

The People’s Bank of China led the way, adding another 78 tons of gold to its holdings in the quarter. The Chinese central bank has bought gold for 11 straight months. Since the beginning of the year, the People’s Bank of China has increased its reserves by 181 tons, and it has added 232 tons since it resumed official purchases in November 2022. As of the end of September, China officially held 2,192 tons of gold, making up 4% of its total reserves.

China has a history of adding to reserves and then going silent.

The People’s Bank of China accumulated 1,448 tons of gold between 2002 and 2019, and then reported nothing for more than two years before resuming reporting last fall. Many speculate that the Chinese continued to add gold to its holdings off the books during those silent years.

In fact, there has always been speculation that China holds far more gold than it officially reveals. As Jim Rickards pointed out on Mises Daily back in 2015, many people speculate that China keeps several thousand tons of gold “off the books” in a separate entity called the State Administration for Foreign Exchange (SAFE).

Last year, there were large unreported increases in central bank gold holdings.  Central banks that often fail to report purchases include China and Russia. Many analysts believe China is the mystery buyer stockpiling gold to minimize exposure to the dollar.

The National Bank of Poland continued its buying spree in Q3 with a 57-ton increase to its gold reserves. That’s in addition to the 48 tons it bought in the second quarter. Year-to-date, Poland has bought 105 tons of gold, in line with a plan to add 100 tons to its reserves Bank of Poland President Adam Glapiński announced in 2021. The country currently holds about 11% of its reserves in gold. Glapiński recently indicated the buying will likely continue.

“This makes Poland a more credible country, we have a better standing in all ratings, we are a very serious partner and we will continue to buy gold. The dream is to reach 20 percent,” Glapiński said.

When he announced the plan to expand its gold reserves, Glapiński said holding gold was a matter of financial security and stability.

Gold will retain its value even when someone cuts off the power to the global financial system, destroying traditional assets based on electronic accounting records. Of course, we do not assume that this will happen. But as the saying goes – forewarned is always insured. And the central bank is required to be prepared for even the most unfavorable circumstances. That is why we see a special place for gold in our foreign exchange management process.”

Turkey sold 160 tons of gold last spring but returned to buying in the third quarter. The Turkish central bank bought 39 tons of gold in Q3, and its total reserves recovered to 668 tons.

According to the World Gold Council, the big gold sale earlier this year was a specific response to local market dynamics and didn’t likely reflect a change in the Turkish central bank’s long-term gold strategy. Although the Turkish government reinstated gold import quotas in early August, so far we haven’t seen a repeat of sales into the local market to meet elevated demand.

Eight more central banks made purchases of at least a ton during the quarter.

• India – 9 tons
• Uzbekistan – 7 tons
• The Czech Republic – 6 tons
• Singapore – 4 tons
• Qatar – 3 tons
• Russia – 3 tons
• The Philippines – 2 tons
• The Kyrgyz Republic – 1 ton

Russia announced plans to recommence buying foreign currency and gold in early August, but the government did not indicate the size or timing of future gold purchases.

The only seller of note was Kazakhstan. The country’s central bank reported a 4-ton decline in its reserves for the quarter. It is not uncommon for banks that buy from domestic production – such as Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan – to switch between buying and selling.

Looking at the entire year, China, Poland and Singapore bought the most gold.

The World Gold Council said it’s “all but certain that central banks are on course for another colossal year of buying,” after a record-setting 2022.

The strength of buying has, to some degree, exceeded our expectations. While we were confident that central banks would remain net purchasers in 2022, we thought it unlikely that it would match last year’s record buying volume. Should buying continue to be strong in Q4, the full-year total could get closer than we anticipated. Nevertheless, the historically high level of buying in Q4 2022 may be difficult to top.”

Total central bank gold buying in 2022 came in at 1,136 tons. It was the highest level of net purchases on record dating back to 1950, including since the suspension of dollar convertibility into gold in 1971. It was the 13th straight year of net central bank gold purchases.

According to the 2023 Central Bank Gold Reserve Survey recently released by the World Gold Council, 24% of central banks plan to add more gold to their reserves in the next 12 months. Seventy-one percent of central banks surveyed believe the overall level of global reserves will increase in the next 12 months. That was a 10-point increase over last year.